CERVICAL CANCER

The global incidence rate is the highest in South Africa, followed by Asia, the annual incidence of new onset of over 130,000, or female reproductive system cancer incidence rate of 73-93%. In developed countries, the incidence rate decreased significantly, to a large extent attributable to the right cervical precancerous lesions in the early diagnosis and treatment. In developing countries, cervical screening is imperfect, women on cervical disease neglected, resulting in the incidence of cervical cancer in developed countries is six times.

Cervical cancer after treatment for the tumor has not disappeared not control, the treatment of tumors disappeared for a period of time after the original lesion in the region for a relapse. Two identification difficult, it called EC recurrence. Cervical cancer radiotherapy failure patients, nearly 60% of pelvic recurrence, 40% distant metastasis. In pelvic recurrence within 1 / 2 above pregnancy and pelvic recurrence.
[Diagnosis]
(1) Symptoms
1. Vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge: This is the cervix, vagina and the Palace of recurrence common symptoms.
2. Pain and edema: This is the most common pelvic recurrence of the symptoms, the most affected is the lower extremity pain and edema.
(2) Signs
1. Recurrent cervical and vaginal: in the cervical or vaginal local stiffen, were nodular or even ulcers.
2. Palace of recurrence: sometimes can be increased and scheduling of the uterus.
3. Recurrent pregnancy: early pregnancy diagnosis of recurrence is extremely difficult, late pregnancy can usually nodular thickening or nodular lesions, the late, there will be frozen pelvis.
(3) auxiliary
1. Cervical, vaginal and the Palace of relapse may biopsy confirmed by histology.
2. Recurrent pregnancy can be pyelography, isotope kidney map, MRI and CT scans to assist diagnosis.
[Treatment]
Recurrence of treatment is very difficult. Right suspicious recurrence after treatment, in the absence confirmed, we must not lightly again radiotherapy, this will be the resumption of radiation injury. Recurrence is already diagnosed, the treatment should be based on the first, with the location and time of recurrence seriously consider re-treatment approach. If the first treatment for radiation therapy, in the Palace of recurrence, cervix, vagina or pregnancy (isolated nodules), surgical sites, treatment with the appropriate choice. Those deemed unsuitable for treatment, according to the tumor, treatment and the length of time between general factors such as patients decide to do radiation therapy or drug treatment. The case of a possible recurrence after surgery or radiation therapy medication, a few cases can be further surgery.
Cervical cancer recurrence radiotherapy for specific design, according to the recurrence of the location, extent determined. The case of the vagina, cervix, or Palace of the limitations of recurrence, can be considered purely intracavitary irradiation; If local recurrence of a broader scope, or associated with pregnancy and pelvic recurrence, should meet in vitro irradiation; The case of simple pregnancy or pelvic recurrence of the tumor can be located under the Wild, whose in vitro irradiation; If recurrence, according to the first radiotherapy treatment. Radiation therapy and relapse again after radiotherapy, the dose of irradiation difficult to grasp. Right from the first radiotherapy 2-3 years are to be considered under specific circumstances of giving full exposure. But first shorter recurrence after radiotherapy, the dose should be carefully decided to prevent indiscriminate irradiation, it is not a cure for cancer, the radiation would cause serious complications. The recurrence after radiotherapy for patients, tissue fibrosis, radiation sensitivity reduced through normal tissue and organ damage after a radiation exposure significantly increased complications.
[Follow-up]
1. Close follow-up after treatment, the treatment of attention to the original tumor, must also pay attention to whether a new lesions.
2. We should pay attention to the emergence of radiotherapy complications, early treatment.

Cervical cancer is the highest incidence of gynecological cancers. How can we stay away from it, not to let it bother healthy life? Reporters interviewed the ramps on the maternity hospital, expert advice that: an annual gynecological examination, especially for an anti-cancer smears done, we will be able this year to women's health "insurance."
Recently, doctors in maternity hospitals some companies, door to the staff gynecological examinations. Chao said: examination is a good thing, not many people queuing to jump hesitated a long time, forms have been front, the end of the slip quietly. With our colleagues in other medical Fortunately said, but her gynecological examinations are embarrassed. The company rents office building, because space constraints, the only check on the activities room, while her 32-year-old has been married three years, the need for gynecological examinations groups, but think of other colleagues on the screen outside, the women did not know who the doctors to check somewhat embarrassing, and they have to think she is not shy uncomfortable physical examination before her time, the most fearful thing is digital rectal examination, say, she has always feel physical health. So she repeatedly or to consider this a gynecological abandoned. But in fact, this is a guarantee for women to abandon the health of a very important part.

Cervical cancer is the second only to breast cancer in women in the world's second most common malignancy, women accounted for more than half of genital cancer, 95% for squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma of around 4%, there are other sarcoma, lymphoma, malignant melanoma and other. World cervical cancer incidence varies widely in developing countries, particularly in Central America, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Eastern Europe and the higher incidence. A conservative approach to sex countries such as Spain, Ireland, Kuwait and Israel, the incidence of cervical cancer was low. The incidence rate is the lowest in Australia, New Zealand, Southern Europe, North America and the Middle East. According to reports, in the new world of cervical cancer each year 46.5 million people die each year more than 200,000 people.

Cervical cancer is the most common of women genital tumors, but also the threat of an important women's health diseases, and radiation therapy of cervical cancer is the primary means of intracavitary radiation therapy after loading including radiotherapy and radiotherapy treatment.

After loading radiotherapy is the first non-radioactive sources at the treatment site for containers, and then into containers for radioactive sources, such treatment can be avoided placing containers in the process of medical personnel from unnecessary exposure.
Before treatment care

(1) When the cancer invading vaginal bleeding and vascular mesenchymal when the bloodshed. The first performance for the women of any age, sex or double after a consultation after a small amount of bleeding or vaginal discharge, increased. Especially after menopause in a small intermittent irregular bleeding more advanced, and even more because of erosion caused fatal bleeding. General external bleeding of cancer earlier, also more volume; Endogenous cancer hemorrhage late.

(2) vaginal discharge generally occurred in vaginal bleeding after the initial small volume, no foul. With St. cancer can flow serous secretion; Advanced cancer tissue necrosis, while a large number of pyogenic infection or vitamin-like odor Leucorrhea.

A cervical cancer after brachytherapy for the care of women <BR> Cervical cancer is the most common genital tumors, but also the threat of an important women's health diseases, and radiation therapy of cervical cancer is the primary means of intracavitary radiation therapy after loading including radiotherapy and radiotherapy treatment. After loading radiotherapy is the first non-radioactive sources at the treatment site for containers, and then into containers for radioactive sources, such treatment can be avoided placing containers in the process of medical personnel from unnecessary exposure. Hospital miniature remote control using high-intensity installed after the Iridium-192 source, a computer operating system and the treatment plan <BR> machine control system, the movement of computer-controlled stepper motor implementation of the 18 channels can be treated, can be intraluminal brachytherapy, the treatment of pipeline Interstitial Brachytherapy and radiation, safe, it is within the locks, risks, and analog sources, the police, emergency retreat of UPS systems to machine safety performance and the safety of staff is guaranteed. According to the hospital after brachytherapy for Nursing described below.
A clinical information <BR> May 1996 to December 2003, we treated 516 cases of cervical cancer patients, the oldest 72 years old and the youngest 27 years old, 40 to 55 age group accounted for 65% of the total number of patients.
Two nursing <BR> 2.1 before treatment care <BR> 2.1.1 psychological care for the psychological care of patients often play an important role in cervical cancer patients with more complex psychological, fear, anxiety, was afraid of the pain, fear of long-term illness pack Grinding abandoned by their husbands, and even some fear death, have strong desire to survive and look forward to receiving treatment after lift or ease the symptoms, or even cure, extend life, we should take the initiative solicitude and care of patients on treatment to the patients as well as the current situation in the cause of tumor development, and inform their tumors not horrible, many patients can be cured through treatment, to put aside ideological burden, and enlighten patients face reality, the correct treatment of disease, elimination of fear and anxiety the patient's psychological and enhance the confidence to overcome the disease.
2.1.2 General Care (1) nurses should help doctors to the patients and their families understand the disease and patients to the attention of the relevant divisions to achieve understanding and cooperation, asking for half an hour before emptying incontinent patients. (2) Single pathology report, the results of the implementation of the malignancy, check whether the blood (WBC no less than 3.5g / L, platelet not less than 100 g / L). (3) measurement of blood pressure and body temperature, blood pressure may not be less than 13.33/9.33kPa, body temperature higher than 37.5 ° C intrauterine not radiotherapy, not higher than 38 ° C for the vagina. (4) Operation of the room used for: a disinfection kits, the contents (a curved set, a round Cup, an oval pliers, bend a pair of pliers, expansion of an overcast, a hole towel, paraffin oil a small cotton, the cotton Iodophor 3), by another dry gauze one, gauze, cotton and Purpose of probe, vaginal mold, plastic sheets and other. (5) for the treatment of the front trousers, supporting the patient bed to prevent falls, take lithotomy position, shop towel disinfection perineal hole with expansion of Yin fully exposed vagina and uterus. (6) To assist doctors and cervical and vaginal fornix of supplying operation, supplying Used gauze packing, and then tape fixed to prevent shedding. Infection such as cervical discharge, 3% hydrogen peroxide for three to four cotton scrub. (7) Room to send patients (treatment rooms), then good for joints Jan. again on Jan. fixed for the good closure of the door and began treatment (to take over full realigned to avoid cards source).
2.2 Treatment of Care (1) could be observed via closed-circuit television in the treatment of patients, and intercoms direct dialogue with the patient, if the patient does not complain or worse may beckon, we entered the room that stands to correct the patient discomfort, to a treatment room. (2) After the treatment, red lights by greening up real source to Tank, we have entered the treatment room, with loose connections-guided brachytherapy and joints, introduced the patient treatment rooms.
Nursing 2.3 after treatment (1) completed the treatment, patients from the treatment room to room to push to help doctors and Purpose of dressing removal, and observe whether patients vaginal bleeding gauze and left. (2) a vaginal bleeding, and can be used gauze packing iodoform, and explain to patients administered by doctors removed 24 hours. (3) If no special treatment of patients after a short break, back to the wards continue to observe and supervise the patients to increase nutrition. After loading the treatment of cervical cancer care must establish a good nurse-patient relationship and psychological care, strengthen psychological patients establish the confidence to overcome the disease, and actively cooperate with the treatment, that treatment success.

A Prevention:

Prevention is a cause of prevention, the goal is to prevent the occurrence of cancer, whose mandate includes the study of cancer etiology and risk factors for the chemical, physical, biological, and other specific carcinogenic, in vitro and in vivo tumor promoter pathogenic factors and conditions, to take precautionary measures against health and the body, picking <BR> admission to strengthen environmental protection, appropriate diet, suitable for sports, to promote physical and mental health. This is a more difficult long-term task. Cervical cancer is not entirely clear cause, but known to many factors and their closely related to these factors can be controlled, such as promoting later marriage, early marriage and sex life ban disorder, family planning, strengthen sexual morality and sexual health education, active in the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and other diseases.

An outline
Cervical cancer occurs in the cervical cancer in women.
Women in the abdominal hysterectomy is a range between the bladder and rectum, hollow organs. The uterine cervix in the second half which is a narrow part of the cervix, cervical openings on the female vagina. Its function is to menstrual outflow channel is vaginal microorganisms and air to enter the uterus of a female barrier, and also subject to sexual intercourse can withstand the induced inflammatory response.

Cervicitis, cervical erosion, cervical cancer is in the end what? The inflammation is not necessarily develop into cervical cancer?

The fact is: the cervicitis was diagnosed with cervical cancer is not directly related; Often, some of cervical erosion caused by erosion is not inflammatory, but some precancerous lesions did not make this clear, people with the feeling cervical erosion of cervical cancer are related.

Two common understanding of cervical disease errors are:
    许多患者对宫颈疾病存在一些认识误区：一种认为，结了婚的女性都会有宫颈炎，它既不影响工作又不影响生活，无足轻重，治疗与不治疗都一样。 Another that will lead to cervical cancer cervicitis serious cervical erosion in particular, the mere mention of cancer, have a "fear of cancer" and affected the daily life and personal emotions.