CERVICAL CANCER

Canada Hopkins immunology and infectious disease experts Tunhongtai said that the current medical has been confirmed that the majority of cervical cancer by external infection caused.

"CNA" quoted him as saying, tonsillar cancer, oral cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lymphoma, several types of cancer, the gene is not under the key factor in cancer, the vast majority of these cancers is due to external caused by a viral infection. Such cancer is infection by the virus is contagious, it can be pre-vaccine prevention.

Tunhongtai Shang said, and pay attention to personal hygiene habits, wearing condoms for sex, also suffering from cervical cancer prevention.

(1) tumor marker
1. Cervical cancer associated antigen (TA-4) and squamous cell carcinoma-related surprise move (SCC) by RIA of the patients with serum values TA-4, found 61% of the patients with positive TA-4, level 5 μ g / L or more. TA-4 SCC is the Asian ingredients, cervical cancer is the special markings. Early cervical cancer TA-4 with a marked increase in SCC can be used to predict the therapeutic effect in patients with cervical cancer and whether there are any recurrence.
2. Serum tumor-associated antigen (CA-125) in patients with cervical cancer serum CA-125 may be increased. Determination of patients with SCC and CA-125; Rose found SCC, squamous cell carcinoma of 67%, adenocarcinoma of 2.5 per thousand; CA-125 increase, squamous cell carcinoma was 26%, 75% adenocarcinoma. Therefore CA-125 can be used as a sign of cervical cancer.
3. Urine promote clips of gonadotropin (UGF) not normal mmmol / L, early cervical cancer patients positive rate of 26 per 1,000, Advanced positive rate was 67%. UGF during treatment of patients with SCC and the disease can be as dynamic observation of the signs.
4. Antigen (CEA) in patients with gynecologic malignancies 60% positive results (≥ 5 μ g / L), which was 38% of cervical carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of cervical cancer was 57%. CEA and tumor stage of a certain relationship, but also of surgery and chemotherapy this effect. As surgery thorough, two weeks after the CEA to negative, as surgery is not completely or relapse, or continuing high level of CEA increased; If chemotherapy effective, CEA rapidly decreased to normal, on the contrary it increased or did not change.
(2), gynecological examinations <BR> Unless general gynecological examination requirements like genital examination, overcast gleaned for a check-up and inspection, the inspection must do triple up. Checks should pay attention to the latter part of pelvic examination and pelvic conditions.
(3), histopathological examination
1. Colposcopy exfoliated cells smears early diagnosis of cervical cancer screening rate was about 90%. To enhance the positive rate, cervical cancer should be a good site, with the squamous epithelium of the junction of epithelial biopsy smears, older women scales, column skin junction to the extension of the neck when the shift, in addition to the cervical, vaginal smears from the Department should take from cervical smears, to avoid misdiagnosis. Cervical blowing tablets of small feet or small biopsy of the tongue.
Jiang abnormal vaginal shedding non-cells are abnormal cervical cancer caused many factors, in addition to parts of the female genital cancer, inflammation of the vagina can cause. Therefore, if found abnormal Pap smear cells, for further examination.
2. Cervical living tissues of the cervix and curettage of cervical screening by cervical biopsy is the biopsy forceps on the folder from the cervix organizations sent pathological examination, the diagnosis of cervical cancer is the most reliable method. The above results can be positive or Ying cases, or cervical lesions and cervical cancer identification difficult, as should cervical biopsy.
(4) iodine test <BR> iodine solution will be manufactured in cervical smear and vaginal mucosa, Iodine staining of the situation. Coloring were not as positive in the biopsy site. When cells cervical smear abnormalities or clinical cancer can Ying colposcopy, and without the help of iodine can be found in abnormal positions. The iodine solution used two First Schiller solution, the other is Lugol solution, the solution concentration is 10 times greater than the former, fast staining.
(5) fluorescence inspection <BR> luciferase tumor and the role of parents, to patients with oral or intravenous injection, cancer tissue than in normal tissue absorb more often, cervical cancer can be diagnosed early.
1. UV fluorescence excitation of oral examination showed normal cervical purple, cervical erosion performance for the Purple brown, cancer or precancerous lesions showed yellow (positive).
2. Helium - Cd laser fluorescence spectroscopy cervical cancer and cervicitis spectral curve with the shape of the difference between the peak wavelength, half-width and area ratio is different. Early diagnosis rate of about 90%.

Cervical cancer in the cervix and cervical lip of the pipe can happen. But good in the mouth of two cervical epithelial junction, after more lip, followed by the neck, lip and before the second.
Initially, cervical cancer is limited to the mucosal epithelium, no invasion, called carcinoma in situ.

When invasive cancer submucosal mesenchymal, called invasive carcinoma. Cervical carcinoma in situ generally normal, early invasive carcinoma lesions often confined to the cervix a little uplift, following 1cm in diameter and more, redness, the hard, easy touch of bleeding. If in the neck is generally difficult to show that when cancer further developed to a considerable extent <BR> appearance performance in the following four different types.

Five years ago, an elderly (aged 33) of female infertility patients to the hospital for gynecological examinations found severe cervical erosion, in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - severe dysplasia, a precancerous lesion. The woman was very tense, with a pathological biopsy everywhere consultation, and some doctors believe that the pathology of atypical hyperplasia Ⅲ, some that DCIS. In the end is a Hysterectomy or loop electrosurgical excision? Experienced pathology professor consultation, that the reproductive age women, cervical epithelial hyperplasia of atypical combination of age must be judged.

As a cervical cancer, once diagnosed correctly, it should develop the most appropriate treatment programs, which are generally dominated early surgical treatment, advanced radiation therapy or by surgery and radiotherapy combination of comprehensive therapy can be combined with chemotherapy treatment and Chinese medicine. TCM treatment of cervical cancer have significant effects, especially in the early cervical cancer treatment, and advanced with surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy have better results.

(1) Radiation Therapy

Cervical cancer is moderately sensitive to radiation, applicable to all cervical carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical cancer treatment, especially in Phase Ib cervical lesions greater than 3 cm or II-IV patients.

How can early detection of cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer is the cervical epithelium and glandular epithelium lining the tumor. By the epithelial lining is squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma short; By the epithelium is adenocarcinoma. Cervical cancer is 95% of squamous cell carcinoma, and in almost all married prolific women. Cervical cancer in the 5% to unmarried women occurred frequently for cervical adenocarcinoma. Cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy, cancer of the female reproductive system more than half of its cancer mortality rate for women first. The incidence of cervical cancer around age vary, the general age 35-55 for cervical carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma of 40-70 years old. Statistics show that the incidence of older, and after the extension of a trend. Onset before age 20 less. The rural than urban, mountain plain above. The causes of cervical cancer has not yet entirely clear, the last few decades of research and investigation, the incidence of cervical cancer and early marriage, early childbearing, prolific, producing dense, multiple marriage, sex life or premature anti-husband foreskin is too long, estrogen secretion or metabolism disorders, certain viruses such as herpes simplex two of the virus and human papilloma virus infection, chronic cervicitis, cervical erosion and certain sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, patients with low immune function, and adverse factors such as the spirit.

Endometrial cancer and cervical cancer are the two most common uterine cancer. According to statistics show that: the incidence of cervical cancer ranked No. 1 cancer for women, women of all ages are possible cervical cancer, but 25-year-old to 45-year-old women are the most common. The female mortality rate ranks fourth in cancer, the death toll of all cancer deaths of 4%. Endometrial cancer, also known as cancer of the uterus, after the incidence of cervical cancer, women accounted for 7% of the total cancer, cancer of the female reproductive tract for 20% to 30%, its high for the age 58 to 61 years old, 80% occurred in women over 50 years old, with an average age 60-year-old.

Cervical cancer development process in recent years, by a large number of studies have clearly precancerous lesion is atypical hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical cancer as a group of diseases continuity; Early lesions from the surface of atypical hyperplasia, causes continue to exist, it will gradually progress to invasive carcinoma.

The study also proved that the vast majority of cervical cancer is gradual rather than sudden, a precancerous lesion often for a very long time is reversible, then entered the surface "carcinoma in situ" stage, this period is sustainable for many years, in this period of no clinical symptoms, the availability of the cervical carotid cells scratch-ray examinations found, and the needle biopsy method that diagnosis.

A new study shows that obesity increases the risk of adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

Participating in the study of 124 women with cervical adenocarcinoma, 139 with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women, and as a control group 307 healthy women. Many human organ cells occurs adenocarcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma in the skin are the primary squamous cell surface. Researcher to participate in the study of women receiving human papilloma virus checking, and calculate their body mass index, waist-hip ratio were measured. Results showed that a high body mass index, waist-hip ratio of women, the incidence of adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma is higher.